Which element has a crystalline lattice composed of positive ions through which electrons flow freely?
Ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the Ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. Moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving Ca is the element
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Help! What kind of crystal is this? (Photo Included) *best answer will be awarded?
The purple is amethyst the white stone is obsidian it's a good mixture to absorb negative energy and to radiate positive ions but make sure that you put it outside in the sun on bare ground every once in awhile
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Why do metals form ions in solution? [closed]
Solids can not have a charge (neither can liquids or gases). The electrostatic forces are immensely great, way greater than you seem to think right now. Just imagine the forces that would be tearing apart a droplet of water (say, 36 microliters) if 0. If you are aware of the Coulomb's law, you can help your imagination by actually calculating these forces.(By now you may wonder how electrical phenomena are possible at all, but that's another story. )Just in case if you do not like that answer, here is another:Solid zinc, like any other metal, does have a charge. It consists of $mathrmZn^2$ ions. These ions are immersed in a sea of electrons, which balances their charge, holds them together, and also is responsible for such properties typical of all metals as electrical conductivity, metallic lustre, etc
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Van de graff, positive,or negative ones?
There are two types of Van de Graaff accelerator - positive charge and negative charge acceleration. Here is an explanation that applies to both types! The Van de Graaff Generator, is an electrostatic machine used in nuclear physics for the generation of extremely high voltages. It was developed in 1931 by the American physicist Robert Jemison Van de Graaff. The generator consists of a high-voltage terminal in the form of a metal sphere, mounted at the top of an insulating column. A continuous belt of dielectric material such as rubber-impregnated cotton runs from a pulley at the base of the column to a pulley within the sphere. An electric potential of approximately 50,000 volts sprays electrons from a metal comb, which has sharply pointed teeth and is mounted parallel to the moving belt. As the belt carries its charge up into the sphere, the charges are removed by other combs and applied to the body of the sphere. As the belt continuously picks up charges and delivers them to the sphere, a potential difference of as much as 5 million volts is built up. The Van de Graaff generator is used to accelerate a beam of electrons, protons, or ions to bombard the nuclei in a small target. A carefully designed Van de Graaff generator insulated by pressurized gas can be charged to a potential of about 20 megavolts. If the dome of the Van de Graaff accelerator is induced to be charged positive it may be used to accelerate positively charged ions such as protons. An ion source within the terminal, within the dome, then produces positive particles that are accelerated, by electrostatic repulsion, as they move downward to ground potential through an evacuated tube. In most constant-voltage accelerators, Van de Graaff generators are the source of high voltage, and most of the electrostatic proton accelerators still in use are two-stage tandem accelerators. These devices provide a beam with twice the energy that could be achieved by one application of the high voltage. An ion source yields a beam of protons, which are accelerated to a low energy by an auxiliary high-voltage supply. This beam passes through a region containing a gas at low pressure, where some of the protons are converted to negative hydrogen ions by the addition of two electrons. As the mixture of charged particles moves through a magnetic field, those with negative charge are deflected into the accelerator tube, and those with positive charge are deflected away. The beam of negative ions is then accelerated toward the positive high-voltage terminal. In this terminal, the particles pass through a thin carbon foil that strips off the two electrons, changing many of the negative ions back into positive ions (protons). These, now repelled by the positive terminal, are further accelerated through the second part of the tube. At the output end of the accelerator, the protons are magnetically separated, as before, from other particles in the beam and directed to the target. In three- or four-stage tandem accelerators, two Van de Graaff generators are combined with the necessary additional provisions for changing the charge of the ions. Van de Graaff and Cockcroft-Walton generators also are utilized for accelerating electrons. The rates at which charge is transported in electron beams correspond to currents of several milliamperes; the beams deliver energy at rates best expressed in terms of kilowatts. These intense beams are used for sterilization, industrial radiography, cancer therapy, and polymerization of plastics.
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